The iPhone 5's Thinner Glass with Integrated Touch

In September 2012 Apple introduced new In-Cell iPhone glass technology that Phil Schiller referred to as "Integrated touch." Schiller added that their engineering team had "done some breakthrough work and have integrated touch sensors right into the display itself," to make it 30% thinner than the iPhone 4S, making it "truly the world's most advanced display."

Apple Develops a New System to Strengthen iDevice Glass

A new patent application that Patently Apple has discovered in Europe focuses on strengthening iPhone and other iDevice glass. Whether Apple used the new glass strengthening process for the iPhone 5 and then patented the process – or filed the patent later with the intention of using it in future products is unknown at this time. Yet it's clear that while one engineering team focused on making the glass process thinner for "Integrated touch," another team was assigned the task of strengthening the new thinner glass.

As Apple's patent filing frames it "the thinner the glass the more susceptible the glass is to damage when the portable electronic device is stressed or placed under a significant force. There is a continuing need to provide improved ways to strengthen glass, namely, thin glass."

Apple's new invention generally relates to increasing the strength of glass by using a new monitored ion exchange bath process which is illustrated below in patent FIG 1.

The apparatus, systems and method for improving strength of thin glass are especially suitable for cover class or LCD displays, particularly those assembled in small form factors such as the iPhone, iPod touch and so forth. The glass can be thin in these small form factor embodiments, such as those between 0.3mm and 2.5mm.

Apple additionally confirms that the process could be used in respect to larger display as well, including the iPad, MacBooks and televisions, such as those less than 5mm.

Apple notes that patent FIG. 6 noted above is a diagram of compressive surface stress versus compressive surface layer depth, which shows a triangular continuum of intersecting ranges for central tension, compressive surface stress and compressive depth for chemically strengthened cover glass.

The degree of chemically strengthening provided by the glass ion exchange bath (noted in patent FIG. 1) to cover glass may be dependent on the type of glass and on processing parameters. In one implementation, the cover glass can be alumina silicate glass or soda lime glass. For example, cover glass can be immersed in a heated potassium bath at a temperature of about 300-500 degrees Celsius for a predetermined duration of about 6-20 hours. Also, glass from different suppliers, even in the same type of glass, can have different properties and thus may require different processing parameters.

Apple uses a number of processes to ensure that the ion exchange bath remains balanced to ensure the process is consistent for the displays being treated. They use Radio-Frequency Identification tags to track samples of the bath exchange balance and purity. The system also uses an x-ray florescence analyzer for analyzing accumulated ion exchange between cover glass and the glass ion exchange bath. In another embodiment, the glass ion exchange monitor can comprise an atomic absorption analyzer.

Most of Apple's patent filing is in engineering talk that sounds like they've created advanced glass for an alien space ship. Patent FIG. 9 below illustrates this point. Apple's patent FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of a chemical treatment process that involves submerging cover glass in a glass ion exchange bath.

When the cover glass is soaked in the glass ion exchange bath, diffusion occurs. As shown in FIG. 9, Alkali metal ions (# 934 below), which are present in the glass, diffuse into the glass ion exchange bath while Alkali metal ions Sodium (NA) in the glass ion chemical exchange bath diffuse into the cover glass so that a chemically strengthened layer is formed.

By being able to control the duration of a chemical strengthening treatment, temperature and/or the concentration of Alkali metal ions (# 936 below) in the glass ion exchange bath, the layer depth of chemically strengthened layer may be substantially controlled.

In describing the technology buried in the new iPhone 5 last year, Phil Schiller stated that "It is really easy to make a new product that's bigger. Everyone does that. The challenge is to make it better and smaller.

Today you've gotten to see some of the technology that goes into or will go into making an iPhone "better." Today you can see that making thinner glass extremely strong takes quite the process that the general public will really never appreciate. Yet this is Apple digging layers deep into the creation of an iDevice to make sure that it feels so special, so light, so durable and so enjoyable to use.

Patent Credits

Apple credits Douglas Weber as the sole inventor of patent application WO2013/077999 which was originally filed in November 2012 and made public one month ago to date.

Patently Apple presents a detailed summary of patent applications with associated graphics for journalistic news purposes as each such patent application is revealed by the U.S. Patent & Trade Office. Readers are cautioned that the full text of any patent application should be read in its entirety for full and accurate details. Revelations found in patent applications shouldn't be interpreted as rumor or fast-tracked according to rumor timetables. About Comments: Patently Apple reserves the right to post, dismiss or edit comments. 

Two Other Interesting News Tidbits Worth Noting Today

1. MacBook Air rules thin-and-light laptop market, says NPD

2. Apple gains FIPS 140 level 2 cryptographic compliance for A4, A5 chips