On September 29, 2011, the US Patent & Trademark Office published a patent application from Apple that reveals a next generation Hybrid Drive that includes both a hard drive and Flash. Intel will be pushing their Smart Response hybrid drive systems for consumer systems in 2012 and Apple's patent would indicate that they intend to have their own solution for future hardware. Uniquely Apple's twist to this drive is that it will handle different types of storage media based on an environmental state of the hybrid drive. If the drive undergoes temperature, vibration or acceleration variances that could cause the hard drive to temporarily fail, the system would save the volatile data to the Flash drive.
Overview of the Current HDD Problems
While hard-disk drives (HDDs) are capable of storing large amounts of data at a low cost per byte, they could be sensitive to environmental conditions. In particular, operation of modern HDDs involves accurately maintaining the vertical and horizontal positions of read and write transducers within a few nanometers of a disk that is spinning at a rotational velocity in excess of 10,000 rpm. In addition, as the aerial density in HDDs increases, the current density in the read transducers increases, and the magnetic volume associated with a bit stored on the disk decreases. These design changes increase the sensitivity of HDDs to potential effects associated with ambient temperature and the thermal energy dissipated by HDDs, including: thermal runaway, electro-migration and superparamagnetism.
As a consequence, HDDs are increasingly sensitive to environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature, vibration and acceleration, which can disrupt operation of an HDD, and can result in HDD failure and/or loss of data. In turn, these limitations could adversely impact the performance of systems (such as computer systems) that include HDDs, and could necessitate additional data and storage-device redundancy that could increase the complexity and cost of these systems.
Hence, what is needed is a storage device, as well as a system that includes the storage device, which overcome the problems listed above.
Apple's Solution
Apple's invention generally relates to a hybrid storage device that includes the following: a hard-disk drive (HDD), a flash memory, an interface circuit, and control logic. This control logic receives a request, via the interface circuit, from an external device to write a block of data to the hybrid storage device, where the request includes a logical address for the block of data in a first portion of an address space which maps to the HDD. In response to the request, the control logic writes the block of data to the HDD. Furthermore, if there is a change in environmental state information of the hybrid storage device during the write operation, the control logic writes at least a portion of the block of data to a logical address for the block of data in a second portion of the address space which maps to the flash memory. Note that the address space may be common to the external device and the hybrid storage device.
In some embodiments, the change in the environmental state information is associated with an operating state of the HDD in which failure or shut down of the HDD is to occur during the write operation. For example, the operating state of the HDD may be associated with the following: a change in an internal temperature of the HDD, acceleration of the HDD, and/or vibration of the HDD. Moreover, during the operating state one or more transducers in the HDD may be parked.
Hybrid Drives are also for Providing Quick Response Times
During Intel's Spring IDF 2011 they revealed that they were working on a technology called Smart Response which is basically describing a hybrid drive. The system is to include a typical large Hard Drive for mass storage while including a Solid State Drive (SSD) to allow the OS, favorite apps and essential services to ramp up extremely fast to provide users with a faster and more responsive system. Though technically, a hybrid drive could simply utilize Flash memory and not necessarily in the form of a SSD like what Apple is proposing.
While Apple's Hybrid covers handling environmental issue solutions, they do mention that "memory (noted as # 324 above) may store an operating system that includes procedures (or a set of instructions) for handling various basic system services for performing hardware-dependent tasks. While not explicitly indicated in computer system 300, in some embodiments the operating system includes a web browser, such as: Internet Explorer (from Microsoft Corporation, of Redmond, Wash.), Safari (from Apple Inc., of Cupertino, Calif.), and/or Firefox (from the Mozilla Foundation, of Mountain View, Calif.)." It's not uncommon for Apple to include mention of competing products in their patents should they be licensed further down the road.
Wikipedia confirms that "A hybrid drive combines the features of an HDD and an SSD into one unit, containing a large HDD, with a smaller SSD cache to improve performance of frequently accessed files. These could offer near-SSD performance in most applications (such as system startup and loading applications) at a lower price than an SSD."
So while Apple appears to suppress the infomation of their hybrid drive's ability to speed up processes in a computer system, the fact is that what they're actually describing is the very definition of why hybrid drives are implemented in the first place.
Intel's Smart Response is debuting only on Extreme i7 systems for gamers late this year. It's likely to move to mainstream systems in 2012 when Ivy Bridge rolls around. The image that Intel provided at IDF 2011 in relation to a hybrid drive or "Smart Response" system was a consumer all-in-one desktop. So the race is on for hybrid drives in 2012 and beyond and it's nice to know that Apple has their own solution in the pipeline. The funny thing is that Apple's systems are already lightning fast at start-up when compared to competing Intel systems from Dell or others. I can't even imagine how much quicker Apple's devices could get in the future. Though who's complaining, right?
Apple's patent application 20110238887 was originally filed in Q1 2010 by Senior Scientist Khalu Bazzani.
It's definitely a Flash Patent day considering that the USPTO has published an additional six new Apple patents on the subject which include the following: Uncorrectable Error Handling Schemes for Non-Volatile Memories (20110238629); Systems and Methods for Refreshing Non-Volatile Memory (20110235434); Non-Regular Parity Distribution Detection via Metadata Tag (20110239088) and others (20110238886, 20110239064 and 20110239065).
Another Noteworthy Patent Applications Published Today
In a patent application titled "Wireless Interference Mitigation" Apple lays out what their new invention addresses: "Isolation between a transmitter and a receiver co-located in the same mobile wireless communication device could use specific antenna design, shielding, filtering and placement to minimize receiving interfering radio frequency power in one receiving antenna from another transmitting antenna. Current mobile wireless communication devices could be quite compact in size, and the maximum physical distance possible on such small devices between a transmitter and receiver could limit the amount of radiated radio frequency power loss resulting from antenna placement. Thus there exists a need for a method to mitigate interference between radio frequency transceivers placed in the same mobile wireless communications device.
Apple's patent FIG. 6 noted above illustrates two representative mobile wireless communication devices (iPhone and iPad) connected simultaneously to several wireless systems that use different wireless communication protocols.
To review Apple's solution, see patent application 20110237246. Here's a temporary link that is only good for about 48-72 hours.
Notice: Patently Apple presents a detailed summary of patent applications with associated graphics for journalistic news purposes as each such patent application is revealed by the U.S. Patent & Trade Office. Readers are cautioned that the full text of any patent application should be read in its entirety for full and accurate details. Revelations found in patent applications shouldn't be interpreted as rumor or fast-tracked according to rumor timetables. Apple's patent applications have provided the Mac community with a clear heads-up on some of Apple's greatest product trends including the iPod, iPhone, iPad, iOS cameras, LED displays, iCloud services for iTunes and more. About Comments: Patently Apple reserves the right to post, dismiss or edit comments.
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